• Chad. Realpolitik and Aspirational Deprivation 

      Hansen, Ketil Fred (Chapter, 2021)
      Chadians have experienced harsh governance and personal rule since colonization. Between independence in 1960 and the coup d’état in 1990 that brought President Déby to power, violent conflicts, and civil war continuously ...
    • Challenge your Brain. Blogging during the COVID Lockdown as a Way to Enhance Well-Being and Cognitive Reserve in an Older Population 

      Colombo, Barbara; Fusi, Giulia; Pabla, Satinder; Caravita, Simona Carla Silvia (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022-06)
      Background: The lockdown linked with COVID-19 restrictions has been reported to have severe consequences at an emotional and cognitive level, this was especially true for vulnerable populations, such as the older adults. ...
    • Challenges and opportunities of marine propulsion with alternative fuels 

      Chiong, Meng-Choung; Kang, Hooi-Siang; Shaharuddin, Nik Mohd Ridzuan; Mat, Shabudin; Quen, Lee Kee; Ten, Ki-Hong; Ong, Muk Chen (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-06)
      The increasingly stringent shipping emissions regulations and global decarbonisation movement have prompted the adoption of alternative fuels in the shipping industry. This review presents the performance results and ...
    • Challenges and opportunities: impacts of COVID-19 on Norwegian seafood exports 

      Asche, Frank; Straume, Hans-Martin; Garlock, Taryn M.; Johansen, Ulf; Kvamsdal, Sturla Furunes; Nygård, Rune; Pincinato, Ruth Beatriz; Tveterås, Ragnar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      A rapidly growing literature shows that COVID-19 and the measures to contain the spread of the virus can have significant market impacts for seafood. These can be interruptions of production, or reductions in demand directly ...
    • Challenges Associated with Creeping Disasters in Disaster Risk Science and Practice: Considering Disaster Onset Dynamics 

      Staupe-Delgado, Reidar; Rubin, Olivier (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022-01)
      In this article, we set out to reconcile a general conceptualization of disaster temporalities by drawing on the epitome example of a creeping disaster, namely famine. Our argument is driven by the recognition that slowly ...
    • The challenges experts face during creeping crises: the curse of complacency 

      Zaman, Ahmad Wesal; Rubin, Olivier; Staupe, Reidar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      The policy literature has generally conceptualised crises as urgent public threats with clearly demarcated ‘focusing events’. Consequently, most studies have identified the main challenges faced by expert agencies involved ...
    • Challenges in making school social work a reality in Brazilian schools 

      da Luz Scherf, Erick (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-07)
      At the end of 2019, the presence of social workers became mandatory in Brazilian state-funded elementary schools. This brief note explores the challenges schools may have in translating the new legislation from paper to ...
    • Challenges of disseminating clinical practice guidelines in a weak health system: the case of HIV and infant feeding recommendations in Tanzania 

      Shayo, Elizabeth Henry; Våga, Bodil Bø; Moland, Karen Marie; Kamuzora, Peter; Blystad, Astrid (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Background: Clinical guidelines aim to improve patient outcomes by providing recommendations on appropriate healthcare for specific clinical conditions. Scientific evidence produced over time leads to change in ...
    • Challenges of teaching with challenging tasks: Teaching dilemmas arising from implementing a reform-oriented approach to primary mathematics 

      Gjære, Åsmund Lillevik (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The research reported in this paper analyses teaching dilemmas experienced by four in-service teachers in the context of a reform-oriented teaching approach for primary mathematics called Developmental Education in Mathematics ...
    • Challenges to the implementation of in situ simulation at HEMS bases: a qualitative study of facilitators’ expectations and strategies 

      Bredmose, Per Poelhøi; Østergaard, Doris; Sollid, Stephen J. M. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Introduction Facilitators play an essential role in simulation-based training on helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) bases. There is scant literature about the barriers to the implementation of simulation training ...
    • Challenges with Gas Hydrate Formation 

      Kelland, Malcolm Andrew (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      Many multiphase flow lines are prone to hydrate formation unless prevention methods are put in place. Chemical management of hydrate formation is traditionally done with thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors but in the last 25 ...
    • Challenging an old theory – Portable X-ray fluorescence(pXRF) analyses of greenstone adzes in Rogaland, southwestern Norway 

      Nyland, Astrid Johanne; Gebremariam, Kidane Fanta; With, Ruben (Chapter, 2022)
      The first large scale regional provenance analysis of greenstone and diabase adzes in western Norway was undertaken forty years ago. The study identified two social territories, which have been central in Norwegian archaeology ...
    • Chambered warm moist air eyelid warming devices – a review 

      Magnø, Morten Schjerven; Olafsson, Jonatan; Beining, Marie; Moschowits, Emily; Lagali, Neil; Wolffsohn, James S.; Craig, Jennifer P.; Dartt, Darlene A.; Vehof, Jelle; Utheim, Tor P. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-11)
      Background Eyelid warming is an important treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Specialized chambered devices, using warm moist air have been developed. Purpose To critically evaluate the literature on the ...
    • Change in Ocular Surface Staining during Eyelid Warming Is Related to Tear Cytokine Levels 

      Landsend, Erlend Christoffer Sommer; Olafsson, Jonatan; Lai, Xiaoran; Aass, Hans Christian Dalsbotten; Utheim, Tor Paaske (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Purpose. To investigate the changes in the tear cytokine profile of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) treated with eyelid warming and to correlate these changes with clinical parameters for dry eye disease ...
    • Changes in Cannabis Consumption During the Global COVID-19 Lockdown: The International COVISTRESS Study 

      Salles, Juliette; Yrondi, Antoine; Marhar, Fouad; Andant, Nicolas; Dorlhiac, Raimundo Avilés; Quach, Binh; Jiao, Jiao; Antunes, Samuel; Ugbolue, Ukadike Chris; Guegan, Julien; Rouffiac, Karine; Pereira, Bruno; Clinchamps, Maëlys; Dutheil, Frederic; Mestres, Stéphanie; Miele, Cécile; Navel, Valentin; Parreira, Lénise; Boirie, Yves; Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste; Duclos, Martine; Fantini, Maria Livia; Schmidt, Jeannot; Tubert-Jeannin, Stéphanie; Berthon, Mickael; Chausse, Pierre; Dambrun, Michael; Guegan, Julien; Guimond, Serge; Mondillon, Laurie; Nugier, Armelle; Huguet, Pascal; Dewavrin, Samuel; Naughton, Geraldine; Benson, Amanda; Lamm, Claus; Gbaglo, Karen; Drapeau, Vicky; Bustos, Benjamin; Yaodong, Gu; Zhang, Haifeng; Dieckmann, Peter; Baker, Julien S.; Duan, Yanping; Gao, Gemma; Huang, Wendy Y J; Lau, Ka Lai Kelly; Zhang, Chun-Qing; Nasir, Hijrah; Cocco, Perluigi; Lecca, Rosamaria; Puligheddu, Monica; Figorilli, Michela; Charkhabi, Morteza; Bagheri, Reza; Pfabigan, Daniela M.; Neto, David; Almeida, Pedro; Gouveia, Maria João; Quinteiro, Pedro; Dubuis, Benoit; Lemaignen, Juliette; Liu, Andy; Saadaoui, Foued; Kulik, Keri; Chen, Kuan-chou (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-11)
      Introduction: COVID-19 lockdown measures have been sources of both potential stress and possible psychological and addiction complications. A lack of activity and isolation during lockdown are among the factors thought to ...
    • Changes in Educational Planning for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children in Scandinavia over the Last Three Decades 

      Dammeyer, Jesper; Ohna, Stein Erik Solbø (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-04)
      Approaches to deaf education in Scandinavia have been shaped and buffeted by controversies and debates about language, educational policy, and new technology. By way of thematic analysis of the content of national policy ...
    • Changes in health and health behavior associated with retirement 

      Syse, Astri; Veenstra, Marijke; Furunes, Trude; Mykletun, Reidar J.; Solem, Per Erik (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-12)
      Objectives: While poor health contributes to early work exits, it is less clear how early work exits affect health. This study therefore examines changes in health associated with retirement. Method: Survey data from ...
    • Changes in Health Literacy during the first year following a kidney transplantation: Using the Health Literacy Questionnaire 

      Dahl, Kari Gire; Wahl, Astrid Klopstad; Urstad, Kristin Hjorthaug; Falk, Ragnhild Sørum; Andersen, Marit Helen (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Objectives The study aimed to identify changes in health literacy (HL) and associated variables during the first year following a kidney transplantation. Methods A total of 196 transplant recipients were included in ...
    • Changes in heart rate from 5 s to 5 min after birth in vaginally delivered term newborns with delayed cord clamping 

      Bjorland, Peder Aleksander; Ersdal, Hege Langli; Eilevstjønn, Joar; Øymar, Knut; Davis, Peter G.; Rettedal, Siren (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020-10)
      Objective To determine heart rate centiles during the first 5 min after birth in healthy term newborns delivered vaginally with delayed cord clamping. Design Single-centre prospective observational study. Setting ...
    • Changes in Plasma Pyruvate and TCA Cycle Metabolites upon Increased Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis in Male Wistar Rats 

      Dankel, Simon Nitter; Kalleklev, Tine-Lise; Tungland, siri Lunde; Stafsnes, Marit Hallvardsdotter; Bruheim, Per; Aloysius, Thomas Aquinas; Lindquist, Carine; SKORVE, JON; Nygård, Ottar Kjell; Madsen, Lise; Bjørndal, Bodil; Sydnes, Magne Olav; Berge, Rolf Kristian (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Altered hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and associated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity contributes to lifestyle-related diseases, and circulating biomarkers reflecting these changes could have disease ...