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dc.contributor.advisorFjelde, Kjell Kåre
dc.contributor.advisorThorstensen, Egil
dc.contributor.advisorVadset, Kjetil
dc.contributor.authorKnutsen, Trine
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-10T06:45:45Z
dc.date.available2019-10-10T06:45:45Z
dc.date.issued2019-06-12
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2621291
dc.descriptionMaster's thesis in Petroleum Engineeringnb_NO
dc.description.abstractThe barrier material conventionally used for permanent P&A is cement. Since two barriers are a requirement to properly isolate potentially flowing formations, the reliability of the barriers could be enhanced by introducing a second barrier material. Application of two distinct barrier materials with differing sealing and failure mechanisms will promote a higher level of independence between the barriers. Qualification of bismuth as a barrier material provides operators with an alternative to cement. Bismuth is a metal with such unique characteristics making it tailor-made for P&A applications. For instance, the required plug length is significantly reduced compared to the current length requirements for cement plugs. Thereby, costs are reduced. This thesis defines why bismuth is such a suitable barrier material for permanent P&A, in addition to addressing risk related issues. Aker BP has together with BiSN initiated a verification process to verify bismuth as a barrier material inside cased hole. BiSN is utilizing thermite technology to melt a bismuth based alloy downhole, creating a fully impermeable metal-to-metal sealing plug after solidification. The verification process presented in this thesis targets a bismuth plug sealing inside a 20” casing, without having to retrieve the 13 3/8” casing. Full scale testing was performed with various learnings to optimize the final design parameters, before conducting a field installation. The field installation, thoroughly described step by step in this thesis, was performed to verify the bismuth plug in an offshore well. This is the worlds first bismuth P&A barrier plug ever installed, and by far the largest considering its geometry. Based on the results presented in this thesis, a proposed EAC-table for a bismuth plug has been produced to describe the function, necessary requirements and verification for future bismuth plugs.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherUniversity of Stavanger, Norwaynb_NO
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMasteroppgave/UIS-TN-IEP/2019;
dc.rightsAttribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectpetroleumsteknologinb_NO
dc.subjectpetroleum engineeringnb_NO
dc.subjectboreteknologinb_NO
dc.subjectbismuthnb_NO
dc.subjectplug and abandonmentnb_NO
dc.titleA Novel Approach to Qualifying Bismuth as a Barrier Materialnb_NO
dc.typeMaster thesisnb_NO
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Technology: 500::Rock and petroleum disciplines: 510::Petroleum engineering: 512nb_NO


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Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal
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