dc.contributor.advisor | Fjelde, Kjell Kåre | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Thorstensen, Egil | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Vadset, Kjetil | |
dc.contributor.author | Knutsen, Trine | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-10-10T06:45:45Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-10-10T06:45:45Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-06-12 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2621291 | |
dc.description | Master's thesis in Petroleum Engineering | nb_NO |
dc.description.abstract | The barrier material conventionally used for permanent P&A is cement. Since two barriers are a requirement to properly isolate potentially flowing formations, the reliability of the barriers could be enhanced by introducing a second barrier material. Application of two distinct barrier materials with differing sealing and failure mechanisms will promote a higher level of independence between the barriers.
Qualification of bismuth as a barrier material provides operators with an alternative to cement. Bismuth is a metal with such unique characteristics making it tailor-made for P&A applications. For instance, the required plug length is significantly reduced compared to the current length requirements for cement plugs. Thereby, costs are reduced. This thesis defines why bismuth is such a suitable barrier material for permanent P&A, in addition to addressing risk related issues.
Aker BP has together with BiSN initiated a verification process to verify bismuth as a barrier material inside cased hole. BiSN is utilizing thermite technology to melt a bismuth based alloy downhole, creating a fully impermeable metal-to-metal sealing plug after solidification.
The verification process presented in this thesis targets a bismuth plug sealing inside a 20” casing, without having to retrieve the 13 3/8” casing. Full scale testing was performed with various learnings to optimize the final design parameters, before conducting a field installation. The field installation, thoroughly described step by step in this thesis, was performed to verify the bismuth plug in an offshore well. This is the worlds first bismuth P&A barrier plug ever installed, and by far the largest considering its geometry.
Based on the results presented in this thesis, a proposed EAC-table for a bismuth plug has been produced to describe the function, necessary requirements and verification for future bismuth plugs. | nb_NO |
dc.language.iso | eng | nb_NO |
dc.publisher | University of Stavanger, Norway | nb_NO |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | Masteroppgave/UIS-TN-IEP/2019; | |
dc.rights | Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.no | * |
dc.subject | petroleumsteknologi | nb_NO |
dc.subject | petroleum engineering | nb_NO |
dc.subject | boreteknologi | nb_NO |
dc.subject | bismuth | nb_NO |
dc.subject | plug and abandonment | nb_NO |
dc.title | A Novel Approach to Qualifying Bismuth as a Barrier Material | nb_NO |
dc.type | Master thesis | nb_NO |
dc.subject.nsi | VDP::Technology: 500::Rock and petroleum disciplines: 510::Petroleum engineering: 512 | nb_NO |