Leveraging Smart Technologies for Sustainable Manufacturing: A Strategic Framework for Implementing Smart Circular Economy Principles

Abstract

This thesis studies the use of smart technologies (STs) in the manufacturing sector to promote a smart circular economy (SCE) and enhance efficiency and sustainability. Starting with a comprehensive review of the basic principles of the circular economy (CE), including closed-loop systems, product lifespan extension, and resource efficiency. The study emphasizes the significant role of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and Internet of Things (IoT) in realizing SCE. It also examines the drivers and barriers to adopting SCE, such as the technological barriers, human resources, and financial barriers, as well as drivers like effectiveness and increased profitability.

The methodology included qualitative research, gathered from semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with twelve manufacturing companies in Norway revealing various approaches and strategies related to keeping closed-loop systems, increasing resource efficiency, and extending product lifespans. Data triangulation was employed by comparing primary data with secondary data from academic literature. Findings reveal that STs, including AI, IoT, blockchain, and digital twin models aid the participating companies towards CE. In addition, supporting the ReSOLVE framework from the Ellen MacArthur Foundation for CE implementation. The ReSOLVE strategies, which are Regenerate, Share, Optimize, Loop, Virtualize, and Exchange, demonstrate comprehensive approaches for integrating STs in manufacturing processes. The findings suggest that improved approaches like collaborative platforms, advanced recycling techniques, and big data analytics can enhance SCE practices.

Overall, this research highlights the central role of STs in moving towards a more sustainable and circular manufacturing industry. The thesis concludes with recommendations for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers to foster a collaborative environment for SCE adoption, emphasizing the need for future research on broader data collection, longitudinal studies, and the role of policy frameworks. This study contributes valuable insights for advancing sustainability and resource efficiency in the manufacturing industry.