Emergency pediatric patients and use of the pediatric assessment triangle tool. A scoping review.

Abstract

Abstract Background: Assessing a pediatric emergency patient may be challenging and require competence and skills. The Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) tool is an efficient and reliable observational way of assessing the general impression of an emergency pediatric patient. We selected a scoping review methodology to gather available scientific evidence on the tool. Objective(s): The objective of this scoping review was to gather scientific evidence about emergency pediatric patients (hospital and prehospital) and use of the pediatric assessment triangle tool. We focused on the psychometric properties of the PAT, the reported impact, the requirements or circumstances for tool implementation in clinical practice, and the evidence on teaching/instructing the PAT. Study design and settings: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Databases and other sources were systematically searched to identify articles reporting on the PAT. Two reviewers independently screened at all stages and extracted data from included articles. The findings were presented narratively, using tables, charts and graphics. Results: We included a total of 55 publications. The evidence found suggest the PAT is a valid and reliable tool for prioritizing emergency pediatric patients, guiding the selection of interventions to be undertaken and level of care needed for the patient, in both hospital and prehospital settings. Our results showed the PAT is fast, practical and useful. The PAT is included in several course curriculums and publications on emergency pediatric care. Conclusion: The evidence mapped suggest scientific evidence on the PAT is available and growing. Findings support the healthcare workforce education on its use and clinical application of the PAT in hospital and prehospital environments. Our review identified some research gaps and questions that may guide planning of future research projects. Validity and reliability of PAT is important for the evidence base of the tool and further research on this is warranted.