Sikring av kritiske råmaterialer for en rettferdig energiomstilling: En rettferdighets-sentrert analyse av norske strategier
Master thesis
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https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3158308Utgivelsesdato
2024Metadata
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- Studentoppgaver (SV-IMS) [1441]
Sammendrag
As technologies such as batteries, wind turbines or solar panels are increasingly produced in the context of the energy transition, the demand for critical minerals needed for these technologies is rising accordingly. The supply chains for these minerals are vulnerable to geopolitical events, and their extraction involves significant environmental and social risks. In response, governments are actively seeking secure alternative sources of critical minerals. Despite extensive documentation of these risks, the integration of a justice-centred approach within mineral development frameworks remains limited. Following a need to secure an industry to move oil and gas players into, a will to market Norway as a mineral nation and the need for secure critical mineral supply chains, the recent interest of the Norwegian government in new forms of mining such as deep-sea mining creates an interesting and dynamic context. This research delves into the perspectives of Norwegian stakeholders regarding the Norwegian mineral strategy, examining its alignment with distributive, procedural, restorative, recognition and cosmopolitan justice. Drawing upon semi-structured expert interviews and supplemented by desk study on justice-centred literature, and the building of a conceptual framework to assess the challenges related to societal embedding of deep sea mining technologies, this study aims to inform mineral policy development, by identifying potential challenges associated with the current Norwegian mineral strategy and exploring pathways towards a more sustainable approach. Both land-based and seabed extractivism pose substantial justice challenges, prompting a reevaluation of our consumption habits and material needs. Addressing these issues requires developing tailored solutions to reduce reliance on extractivism and promoting a circular economy. However, significant obstacles remain, such as insufficient data on urban mining and the necessity for coordinated national infrastructures to create an efficient recycling system. As technologies such as batteries, wind turbines or solar panels are increasingly produced in the context of the energy transition, the demand for critical minerals needed for these technologies is rising accordingly. The supply chains for these minerals are vulnerable to geopolitical events, and their extraction involves significant environmental and social risks. In response, governments are actively seeking secure alternative sources of critical minerals. Despite extensive documentation of these risks, the integration of a justice-centred approach within mineral development frameworks remains limited. Following a need to secure an industry to move oil and gas players into, a will to market Norway as a mineral nation and the need for secure critical mineral supply chains, the recent interest of the Norwegian government in new forms of mining such as deep-sea mining creates an interesting and dynamic context. This research delves into the perspectives of Norwegian stakeholders regarding the Norwegian mineral strategy, examining its alignment with distributive, procedural, restorative, recognition and cosmopolitan justice. Drawing upon semi-structured expert interviews and supplemented by desk study on justice-centred literature, and the building of a conceptual framework to assess the challenges related to societal embedding of deep sea mining technologies, this study aims to inform mineral policy development, by identifying potential challenges associated with the current Norwegian mineral strategy and exploring pathways towards a more sustainable approach. Both land-based and seabed extractivism pose substantial justice challenges, prompting a reevaluation of our consumption habits and material needs. Addressing these issues requires developing tailored solutions to reduce reliance on extractivism and promoting a circular economy. However, significant obstacles remain, such as insufficient data on urban mining and the necessity for coordinated national infrastructures to create an efficient recycling system.