Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Cracking Behaviour in Reinforced Concrete Beams under Bending

Abstract

This research focuses on investigating the influence of tensile reinforcement arrangements on crack width in reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to bending. It also assesses the credibility of numerical modeling and simulation using ATENA software in comparison with Eurocode 2 standards. The study employed a combination of numerical simulations and theoretical calculations. ATENA software was used to simulate the cracking behavior in 3D linear and nonlinear elements of RC beams with varying tensile reinforcement configurations. These simulations were then compared against numerical calculations and experimental data to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the models. The findings revealed that ATENA software predicted an average maximum crack spacing of 147 mm for three-layer beams and 136 mm for one-layer beams, with corresponding crack widths of 0.029 mm and 0.0314 mm, respectively. Numerical calculations showed that crack spacing was 119.75 mm for three-layer beams and 148.8 mm for one-layer beams, with crack widths of 0.093 mm and 0.104 mm, respectively. Both ATENA software and numerical calculations showed a tendency to underestimate crack spacing in heavily reinforced beams and overestimate it in beams with less reinforcement. Discrepancies were noted between the models’ predictions and the experimental data, highlighting inconsistencies in the predictive accuracy of both approaches. The study recommends that both ATENA software and numerical models should be rigorously validated and calibrated against experimental data to improve their predictive accuracy. It is suggested that further refinement of modeling techniques, particularly in how they handle stress distribution and crack spacing, is necessary. Future research should focus on enhancing the algorithms used in ATENA software and refining numerical models to better capture the nuances of crack behavior in RC beams under various reinforcement arrangements. This will ensure more reliable predictions and better alignment with real-world structural performance.