• A risk and safety science perspective on the precautionary principle 

      Aven, Terje (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The precautionary principle is strongly debated as a policy for handling risk and safety concerns. It is commonly claimed that the principle is paralyzing, unscientific and promotes a culture of irrational fear. The risk ...
    • Risk assessment of beta-carotene in food supplements. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy 

      Meltzer, Helle Margrete; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Holvik, Kristin; Løvik, Martinus; Frølich, Wenche; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Strand, Tor A; Tell, Grethe S.; Iversen, Per Ole (VKM Report;, Research report, 2015)
      Beta-carotene is a provitamin, i.e. a precursor of vitamin A (retinol), which is classified as an essential nutrient for humans. Beta-carotene is one of many carotenoids found in plants, fungi and bacteria. Carotenoids are ...
    • Risk assessment of wind farm development in ice proven area 

      Mustafa, Albara; Barabadi, Abbas; Markeset, Tore (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      There many risks associated with wind farms operating in cold harsh areas, a number of these risks is caused by icing. Atmospheric and super-structure icing can cause ice accretion on wind turbines’ structure, and lead to ...
    • Risk assessment on use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) as an ingredient in infant formula and baby foods (II) 

      Rimstad, Espen; Andersen, Lene Frost; Frølich, Wenche; Frøyland, Livar; Halvorsen, Ragnhild; Høiby, Ernst Arne; Kapperud, Georg; Lunestad, Bjørn Tore; Lassen, Jørgen Fredrik; Meltzer, Helle Margrete; Narvhus, Judith Ann; Nygård, Karin; Nesbakken, Truls; Olsvik, Ørjan; Paulsen, Jan Erik; Robertson, Lucy Jane; Tranulis, Michael A.; Tryland, Morten; Vainio, Kirsti; Haugen, Margaretha (VKM Report;, Research report, 2007)
      On 10. March 2006 , The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet) decided that, on the basis of VKM’s previous risk assessment (2005), Nutramigen 1 with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could not be marketed in Norway ...
    • Risk Communication Between Companies and Local Stakeholders for Improving Accident Prevention and Emergency Response 

      Baram, Michael; Lindøe, Preben Hempel (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology: Safety Management;, Chapter, 2018)
      Hazardous industrial areas pose major accident risks. In recent years, two innovative approaches have been used for improving accident prevention and emergency response beyond conventional regulatory requirements: the ...
    • Risk factors in stock returns of U.S. oil and gas companies: evidence from quantile regression analysis 

      Mohanty, Sunil K.; Frydenberg, Stein; Osmundsen, Petter; Westgaard, Sjur; Skjøld, Christian (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The boom and bust in oil prices during the last two decades have attracted many investors to oil and gas companies in search of returns and risk diversification benefits. This study analyzes the impact of several risk ...
    • Risk in the Age of Software Security 

      Jaatun, Martin Gilje (Others, 2017)
      For general applications, it is way too costly to aim for 100 % secure software; for complex systems it may even be impossible. To achieve effective software security at reasonable cost, it is thus necessary to identify ...
    • Risk literacy : Foundational issues and its connection to risk science 

      Aven, Terje (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023-09)
      A new research area is developing, risk literacy. The term “risk literacy” basically refers to one's ability to understand and evaluate risk, in order to support and make appropriate decisions. In this article, we discuss ...
    • Risk of developing psychiatric disease among adult patients with skin disease: A 9-year national register follow-up study in Norway 

      Balieva, Flora Nicol; Abebe, Dawit Shawel; Dalgard, Florence; Lien, Lars (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The existing association between skin disease and psychiatric comorbidity has gained attention during the last decades. Stress and mental illness can directly or indirectly affect skin disease, while dermatological conditions, ...
    • Risk perception in newspaper chains: Threats, uncertainties and corporate boundary work 

      Sjøvaag, Helle; Owren, Thomas (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-07)
      This article presents an analysis of risk perception among chain newspaper CEOs in Scandinavia. Based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews, the analysis finds that risk is perceived in relation to public trust, corporate ...
    • Risk science applied to major risk events in history 

      Thekdi, Shital; Aven, Terje (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Major risk events in history are often labeled as black swans or as unforeseeable given the risk policies and procedures existing at the time. Hindsight suggests that many of these events could have been foreseeable. This ...
    • Risk Science Contributions: Three Illustrating Examples 

      Aven, Terje (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020-07)
      This article aims to demonstrate that risk science is important for society, industry and all of us. Rather few people today, including scientists and managers, are familiar with what this science is about—its foundation ...
    • A risk science perspective on liability/guilt and uncertainty judgements in courts 

      Aven, Terje; Flage, Roger (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      This article aims to provide new insights about risk and uncertainty in law contexts, by incorporating ideas and principles of contemporary risk science. The main focus is on one particular aspect of the law: its operation ...
    • A risk science perspective on the discussion concerning Safety I, Safety II and Safety III 

      Aven, Terje (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-09)
      Recently, there has been a discussion in the safety science community concerning the validity of basic approaches to safety, referred to as Safety I, Safety II and Safety III, with Erik Hollnagel and Nancy Leveson in leading ...
    • A risk science perspective on vaccines 

      Glette-Iversen, Ingrid; Aven, Terje; Flage, Roger (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Vaccines can be seen as one of the greatest successes in modern medicine. Good examples are the vaccines against smallpox, polio, and measles. Unfortunately, vaccines can have side effects, but the risks are considered by ...
    • Risk understanding and risk acknowledgement : a new approach to environmental risk assessment in marine aquaculture 

      Berg Andersen, Lasse; Grefsrud, Ellen Sofie; Svåsand, Terje; Sandlund, Nina (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      A better understanding of the potential cumulative impacts of large-scale fish farming, could help marine aquaculture to become more environmentally sustainable. Risk assessment plays an important role in this process by ...
    • A risk-increasing safety strategy? Evaluating the Traditional Risk-mitigating Strategy in Dealing with Dumped Ammunition and Explosive Remnants of War 

      Novik, Geir Petter; Abrahamsen, Eirik Bjorheim; Sommer, Morten (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
    • Risk-taking on behalf of others 

      Eriksen, Kristoffer Wigestrand; Kvaløy, Ola; Luzuriaga, Miguel (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020-06)
      We present an experimental study on how people take risk on behalf of others. We use three different elicitation methods, and study how each subject makes decisions both on behalf of own money and on behalf of another ...
    • The Risks of the Mask 

      Shapiro, Matan-Ilan; Bouder, Frederic Emmanuel (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-05)
      In this article we go beyond epidemiological models to make a case for a more holistic approach to the use of face masks as a risk mitigation factor in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. We argue that while masking ...
    • Risks Shift Along Seafood Supply Chains 

      Love, David; Nussbaumer, Elizabeth M.; Harding, Jamie; Gephart, Jessica; anderson, james; Asche, Frank; Stroll, Josh; Thorne-Lyman, Andrew; Bloem, Martin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-03)
      Seafood is a highly traded commodity and 71% of the United States (U.S.) supply is imported. This study addresses questions about imported seafood safety and compares risks of outbreaks and recalls across countries of ...