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Reviews of theoretical frameworks: Challenges and judging the quality of theory application

Hean, Sarah; Anderson, Liz; Green, Chris; John, Carol; Pitt, Richard; O'Halloran, Cath
Journal article, Peer reviewed
Accepted version
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2608416
Date
2016
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Original version
Hean, S., Anderson, L., Green, C. et al. (2016) Reviews of theoretical frameworks: Challenges and judging the quality of theory application, Medical teacher. 38(6), pp. 613-620.   10.3109/0142159X.2015.1075648
Abstract
Background

Rigorous reviews of available information, from a range of resources, are required to support medical and health educators in their decision making.

Aim

The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of a review of theoretical frameworks specifically as a supplement to reviews that focus on a synthesis of the empirical evidence alone. Establishing a shared understanding of theory as a concept is highlighted as a challenge and some practical strategies to achieving this are presented. The paper also introduces the concept of theoretical quality, arguing that a critique of how theory is applied should complement the methodological appraisal of the literature in a review.

Method

We illustrate the challenge of establishing a shared meaning of theory through reference to experiences of an on-going review of this kind conducted in the field of interprofessional education (IPE) and use a high scoring paper selected in this review to illustrate how theoretical quality can be assessed.

Findings

In reaching a shared understanding of theory as a concept, practical strategies that promote experiential and practical ways of knowing are required in addition to more propositional ways of sharing knowledge. Concepts of parsimony, testability, operational adequacy and empirical adequacy are explored as concepts that establish theoretical quality.

Conclusions

Reviews of theoretical frameworks used in medical education are required to inform educational practice. Review teams should make time and effort to reach a shared understanding of the term theory. Theory reviews, and reviews more widely, should add an assessment of theory application to the protocol of their review method.
Description
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in MEDICAL TEACHER on 16 Oct 2015, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.3109/0142159X.2015.1075648.
Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Journal
Medical teacher

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