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dc.contributor.advisorOsmundsen, Petter
dc.contributor.authorHolm, Erlend
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-08T16:27:28Z
dc.date.available2021-09-08T16:27:28Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifierno.uis:inspera:78874059:22791572
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2774770
dc.descriptionFull text not available
dc.description.abstract
dc.description.abstractOil field operators on the Norwegian Continental Shelf face increasing cost on CO2 emissions in the coming years. A clear incentive for finding solutions which reduce operational emissions from the field. Water injection is one of the most power consuming processes in oil production, requiring high pressure pumps with power input of 5-15 MW per pump. Normally these pumps have been direct driven by gas turbines, meaning both the pump and the turbine are connected through the same shaft. These turbines have a high CO2 emission rate and an average efficiency of 30-40%. This thesis does an investment analysis of replacing a LM-1600 gas turbine with offshore wind turbines. Resulting in a potential reduction of CO2 emission per year of 46 575 tons. It will also analyze feasibility if a small wind farm can deliver enough power for water injection consistently. Three wind project investment options are setup for cost comparing for 20, 25- and 30-years lifetime.  Wind Project 1: Consist of one 15 MW wind turbine  Wind Project 2: Consist of two 14 MW wind turbines  Wind Project 3: Consist of three 11 MW wind turbine A sensitivity analysis of the changes in the CO2 cost is also performed, introducing 3 different cost development scenarios for the next 20, 25 and 30 years. The Norwegian government plan to increase CO2 cost up to 2000 NOK in 2030, with potential of further increase towards 2050. Power calculations are performed based on wind data from the oil field and specifications from the wind turbine manufacturer. Wind Project 3 delivers the most reliable and highest output of power, with about 114 GWh yearly. But the main challenge with wind power is the fluctuation and variation in wind speed on an hourly basis. Water injection is a process that needs a constant supply of water to maintain oil production, recovery rate and reservoir injectivity. Therefore, a large or small battery pack is also considered. This could potentially level out the variation in power delivered from wind turbines. Performing an investment analysis of this complexity, consists of collecting data from the operator as well as historic data, statistics and research. The cost is calculated for LM-1600 gas turbine, this includes operational cost, fuel gas cost and CO2 and NOx tax cost. Wind turbine capital and operational cost are calculated based on data and estimations. This wind project deviate from the installed wind farms in Europe, in scale and capacity per turbine. Therefore, cost is increased over data average. Net present value, Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Abatement cost are calculated for all wind projects. Wind Project 1 has the best results if only considering these parameters. But this wind project demands a frequent switch between wind and gas turbine. This can be multiple times per day and must be further simulated and researched to check feasibility. Therefore, Wind Project 3 is considered to best option. LCOE for Wind Project 3 including a battery pack is 1,18 NOK per kWh. This is a lower LCOE than for the LM-1600 gas turbine, if CO2 cost will reach 2000 NOK per ton in 2030. This wind farm can deliver 9 MW for 80% of the yearly operational hours. And with a battery pack, the wind farm can be more independent of the gas turbine. A sensitivity analysis is performed since there is risk and uncertainty in the cost estimations and wind power calculations. The abatement cost for Wind Project 3 is 1512 NOK per ton CO2. Figure 1 and Table 1 shows how sensitive the abatement cost is to changes in important economic factors. Sensitivity analysis is performed on NPV, LCOE and abatement cost since there is risk and uncertainty in the cost estimations and wind power calculations. The abatement cost for Wind Project 3 is 1512 NOK per ton CO2. Project lifetime, wind turbine capacity factor and CAPEX are among the most important factors. Wind Project 3 is recommended for further study before an investment decision, if surplus wind power can be utilized at the general grid at the oil field and a battery pack can be installed.
dc.languageeng
dc.publisheruis
dc.titleELEKTRIFISERING AV VANNINJEKSJONSPUMPER VED ET OFFSHORE OLJEFELT, ØKONOMISK OG CO2 UTSLIPPS ANALYSE OVER ET 30-ÅRS PERSPEKTIV
dc.typeMaster thesis


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  • Studentoppgaver (TN-ISØP) [1409]
    Master- og bacheloroppgaver i Byutvikling og urban design / Offshore technology : risk management / Risikostyring / Teknologi/Sivilingeniør : industriell økonomi / Teknologi/Sivilingeniør : risikostyring / Teknologi/Sivilingeniør : samfunnssikkerhet

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