Hydrodynamization in systems with detailed transverse profiles
Peer reviewed, Journal article
Published version
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https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3038202Utgivelsesdato
2020Metadata
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Originalversjon
Kurkela, A., Taghavi, S. F., Wiedemann, U. A., & Wu, B. (2020). Hydrodynamization in systems with detailed transverse profiles. Physics Letters B, 811, 135901. 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135901Sammendrag
The observation of fluid-like behavior in nucleus-nucleus (AA), proton-nucleus (pA) and high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions motivates systematic studies of how different measurements approach their fluid-dynamic limit. We have developed numerical methods to solve the ultra-relativistic Boltzmann equation for systems of arbitrary size and transverse geometry. Here, we apply these techniques for the first time to the study of azimuthal flow coefficients including non-linear mode-mode coupling and to an initial condition with realistic event-by-event fluctuations. We show how both linear and non-linear response coefficients extracted from develop as a function of opacity from free streaming to perfect fluidity. We note in particular that away from the fluid-dynamic limit, the signal strength of linear and non-linear response coefficients does not reduce uniformly, but that their hierarchy and relative size shows characteristic differences.