Thyroidectomy Versus Medical Management for Euthyroid Patients With Hashimoto Disease and Persisting Symptoms: A Randomized Trial
Guldvog, Ivar; Reitsma, Laurens Cornelus; Johnsen, Lene Cathrin; Lauzike, Andromeda; Gibbs, Charlotte Christine; Carlsen, Eivind; Lende, Tone Hoel; Narvestad, Jon; Omdal, Roald; Kvaløy, Jan Terje; Hoff, Geir; Bernklev, Tomm; Søiland, Håvard
Peer reviewed, Journal article
Accepted version
Date
2019-04Metadata
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Original version
Guldvog, I., Reitsma, L.C, Johnsen, L.C. et al. (2019) Thyroidectomy Versus Medical Management for Euthyroid Patients With Hashimoto Disease and Persisting Symptoms: A Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 170 (7), 453-464. 10.7326/M18-0284Abstract
Background:
Hashimoto disease is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Despite adequate hormone substitution, some patients have persistent symptoms that may be the result of immunologic pathophysiology.
Objective:
To determine whether thyroidectomy improves symptoms in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis who still have symptoms despite having normal thyroid gland function while receiving medical therapy.
Design:
Randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02319538)
Setting:
Secondary care hospital in Norway.
Patients:
150 patients aged 18 to 79 years with persistent Hashimoto-related symptoms despite euthyroid status while receiving hormone replacement therapy and with serum antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody titers greater than 1000 IU/mL.
Intervention:
Total thyroidectomy or medical management with hormone substitution to secure euthyroid status in both groups.
Measurements:
The primary outcome was general health score on the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) at 18 months. Secondary outcomes were adverse effects of surgery, the other 7 SF-36 subscores, fatigue questionnaire scores, and serum anti-TPO antibody titers at 6, 12, and 18 months.
Results:
During follow-up, only the surgical group demonstrated improvement: Mean general health score increased from 38 to 64 points, for a between-group difference of 29 points (95% CI, 22 to 35 points) at 18 months. Fatigue score decreased from 23 to 14 points, for a between-group difference of 9.3 points (CI, 7.4 to 11.2 points). Chronic fatigue frequency decreased from 82% to 35%, for a between-group difference of 39 percentage points (CI, 23 to 53 percentage points). Median serum anti-TPO antibody titers decreased from 2232 to 152 IU/mL, for a between-group difference of 1148 IU/mL (CI, 1080 to 1304 IU/mL). In multivariable regression analyses, the adjusted treatment effects remained similar to the unadjusted effects.
Limitation:
Results are applicable only to a subgroup of patients with Hashimoto disease, and follow-up was limited to 18 months.
Conclusion:
Total thyroidectomy improved health-related quality of life and fatigue, whereas medical therapy did not. This improvement, along with concomitant elimination of serum anti-TPO antibodies, may elucidate disease mechanisms.