Techno-economic assessment of flexible composite pipelines for decentralised production of H2 with electrolysers integrated in wind turbine
Master thesis
Permanent lenke
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3032550Utgivelsesdato
2022Metadata
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Sammendrag
Hydrogen gas, H2, is currently creating a lot of attention from governmentsand companies. The potential applications bring a lot of attention and, even toomuch when regarding in details the situation. Liquid hydrogen appears irrelevantto satisfy a global hydrogen network due to the extreme conditions required andits huge energy loss to obtain this phase.
Since hydrogen is not an energy, it must receive power to be produced andthis is currently driven by fossil energies at 95%. Electrolysis of water has beenanalysed and is found to be an interesting way of H2 production with an acceptableefficiency, no CO2 emissions and a decent adaptability to intermittent renewablesources of energy such as wind. However, it still keeps a high cost with a ratiofrom 2 to 3 times the price from using fossil fuels instead.About the pipeline transportation, GFRP and GRE seem to be the most sus-tainable FRP pipes regarding the energy and carbon footprint. From an actualhydrogen pipe and other similar pipe products, the features are usually composedof a diameter up to 6" (152mm), a temperature and pressure resistance around80°C and [40 ; 80] bar with a lifetime between 20 to 50 years and made of eitherglass or aramid fibres for the reinforcement.
Regarding the economy, on one hand, hydrogen produced from electrolysis hascosts in the range [2.5 ; 5.5]€/kg. The compression stage costs [0.9 ; 1.75]€/kgwhere the actual compressor price is between 45 000€ to 90 000€. In comparison,fossil fuel energies produce hydrogen at a cost of [1.5 ; 2]€/kg which fade thecost competitiveness away.On the other hand, the hydrogen transportation costs are found in the or-der of [0.139 ; 0.261]€/kg for a minimum demand of 5 million of tonnes peryear. In a recent report, costs for offshore pipeline are estimated to reach [0.17 ;0.32]€/(kg·1000km). In addition, the price of FRP pipeline is globally comprisedbetween 32$/m and 46$/m and could reach a maximum of 66$/m for difficultinstallation conditions.
For strategic purpose, it is important to remind that hydrogen is an energycarrier and requires a huge amount of energy to be produced, process mainly doneby fossil fuel today. An interesting way for decarbonising the society would first toreplace this major production by a renewable production of hydrogen which wouldneed a transportation assured by pipelines for reducing environmental footprint,costs, times and increasing quantity with efficiency.