| dc.description.abstract | Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with a substantial public health challenge, originating in the colon or rectum, both crucial components of the digestive system. The development of CRC is influenced by a range of factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental exposures to mutagens or carcinogens. Recent attention has turned to the gut microbiota, the diverse community of microorganisms in the human gut, and their association with colorectal cancer. This emerging field explores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota, immune responses, and the entire spectrum of colorectal cancer, from initiation to treatment. Since the microbiota either can facilitate or hinder cancer development, it is becoming a promising avenue for innovative prevention and treatment approaches in fields of oncology and gastrointestinal health.
The composition and diversity of the human gut microbiota are shaped by various factors, with lifestyle choices exerting a notable influence. Nutrition, exercise, and environmental exposures are primary determinants impacting the gut microbiota. Dietary habits, particularly those rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, foster beneficial bacteria, promoting a diverse and balanced microbiome. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats may alter microbial composition, potentially contributing to health issues such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammatory diseases.
Regular physical activity emerges as another influential factor, with active individuals displaying a more diverse and beneficial microbial profile. Exercise is linked to a decrease in harmful bacteria and an increase in microbes supporting metabolic health, underscoring the positive impact of physical activity on gut microbiota composition. Environmental factors, including exposure to pollutants, pesticides, and antibiotics, can disrupt the delicate balance of the gut microbiota. Antibiotic use, for instance, may significantly reduce microbial diversity, heightening susceptibility to various health problems. Exposure to pollutants and pesticides may similarly alter the gut microbiota, potentially contributing to chronic diseases.
In summary, lifestyle choices encompassing dietary preferences, physical activity levels, and environmental exposures play a pivotal role in shaping the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these connections, crucial for developing strategies to promote a healthy gut microbiome with positive implications for overall health and well-being. | |